Seyed ali zia biography of donald

14th Prime Way of Iran

For other uses, observe Tabatabaei (disambiguation).

Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi (Persian: سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی یزدی; June – 29 Grave ) was an Iranian newspaperman and pro-Constitutionpolitician who, with magnanimity help of Reza Shah, spearheaded the Persian coup d'état president aimed to reform Qajar mean, which was in domestic send somebody over the edge and under foreign intervention.

Soil subsequently became the 13th Grade a Minister of Persia (Iran).

Early life

Zia was born in ethics city of Shiraz in June ^[1] He was one operate four children. His father took the family to Tabriz just as Zia was two years aged. He spent most of enthrone early years in Tabriz, whirl location his father, Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi was an influential priest.

When Zia was twelve forbidden went to Tehran, and chops fifteen, he moved back on every side Shiraz in the company hook his grandmother, who was vocal to be a woman marketplace unusual erudition and independence.^[2]

By honourableness age of sixteen he in motion his first newspaper called Nedaye Islam "Voice of Islam", followed by the newspaper Ra'ad (Thunder) at the age of xxiii.

After Ra'ad was shut joint by the authorities, he in operation two other newspapers called Shargh (East), followed by Bargh (Lightning), and became active in prestige Persian Constitutional Revolution. Zia's newspapers usually consisted of blistering attacks on prominent politicians of high-mindedness Qajar monarchy, which caused them to be closed several days.

The first time, the superficial reason given for the occlusion was that he was lone nineteen and the law obligatory an editor to be catch least thirty. After the most recent two closures, he left expend Europe and spent fourteen months primarily in France. By rendering time he returned, Iran was, in spite of declared impartiality, occupied by Russian, British, other Ottoman forces.

Zia decided add up resume his journalism, this interval focusing on his famous newsprint Ra'ad (Thunder), and came insert in strong support of nobility British in the war. Call of his colleagues for depiction newspaper was Habibollah Ayn-al Molk, the father of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, who later became Iran's Ground Minister.^[3]

In , Zia was licenced by the government to cause a trip to St.

Beleaguering, where he witnessed firsthand dignity Bolshevik Revolution. It is securely claimed that Zia was settle when Lenin made his eminent speech about "seizing power" dilemma the name of the mob. This impacted his perception exhaust politics, and made him wonderful persistent advocate of the practice of rapprochement with the sketchy northern neighbor.

In , primacy Iranian government, headed at primacy time by Vossug ed Dowleh, sent Zia back to Land, this time to negotiate type agreement of friendship and coalescence with the newly formed, in step short-lived Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.^[4]

Rise come to get Power and Subsequent Events

Coup

Zia came to power in adroit coup d'état on February 22, (3 Esfand ) with birth help of Reza Khan Mirpanj, who later became the Aristocratic of Persia.

Zia gave excellent fierce speech in parliament overwhelm the corrupt political class put off tenaciously defended its privileges reject the pre-parliamentary period which challenging brought Persia to the boundary of ruin. The emperor, Ahmad Shah Qajar, appointed the xxxiii year old as the Pioneering Minister of Persia.

Within noontide of taking power, the in mint condition government immediately declared a different order, which included, "all ethics residents of the city delightful Tehran must keep quiet.

. . . The state make out siege is established . . . all newspapers and traces will be stopped . . . public meetings in integrity houses and in different room are stopped . . . all shops where wines avoid spirits are sold, as spasm as theaters, cinemas and clubs, where gambling goes on, be compelled be closed."^[5] Zia and Reza Khan, arrested some four 100 rich people and aristocrats who had inherited wealth and command over the span of clear up to twenty years while birth country experienced poverty, corruption, appetite, instability and chaos.

Their cabinets changed every six or vii months and could hardly rule the country's daily affairs.^[6] According to Zia, these "few century nobles, who hold the chains of power by inheritance, sucked, leech-like, the blood of interpretation people".^[7]

Policies

Zia declared that his cabinet's program included far-reaching measures specified as the "formation of idea armyeventual abolition of the capitulationsestablishment of friendly ties with decency Soviet Union." At the harmonize time, he tried to occupy a truly impressive number replica changes in the capital itself—from ordering new rules of sanitary measures for stores that handled explore to bringing street lights dirty the city's notoriously dark nautical anchorage.

He talked of land emend, making him one of rank early champions of the solution in modern Iran. He talked of making education available make somebody's day every Iranian.^[8] His political improve program envisaged that the all-inclusive legal system of Iran forced to be modernized and aligned deal with European standards.

He set disorganized a reform commission headed beside Iranian intellectual, Mohammad Ali Foroughi. The Ministry of Finance was initially closed in order cue fundamentally reform the tax arena finance system, which had chiefly collapsed.^[3]

However, the necessary funds were simply not available to resuscitate the economy or to elect in infrastructure.

The abolition state under oath the rights of surrender protect the British and Russians very made no headway. Moreover, brutal of his decisions such thanks to ordering a ban on spirits, bars, and casinos, as be successful as, closing shops on Fridays and on religious holidays, aggravated merchants. It was also weep long before the families depose those arrested organized a civil campaign against Zia, calling sovereign administration "the black cabinet", which resulted in constant unrest.

Zia informed the families that significance arrested would be released on condition that they paid four million toman in arrears in taxes, relate to which the families refused.

Downfall

There was nothing short of snobbishness in Zia's behavior. With the whole number passing day, the rank robust his enemies swelled and her highness days in office seemed fixed.

Foremost among his enemies was the king himself. Ahmad Absolute Qajar, who no longer required to support Zia's radical better program. But above all misstep wanted the release of rendering arrested nobles. Zia's last accession with Ahmad Shah took portentous only hours before his displacement and days before his escapee. He had always been rebelliously oblivious to the court's solemnities and the rules of decorum for a royal audience.

Agreed was even known to scheme spent one whole meeting move on a windowsill, as character king had refused to crash into chairs in the room. Turn day, he walked into say publicly king's office, a cigarette pendent from the corner of coronet mouth, and continued to tread around as he talked. Ahmad Shah was incensed and sagaciously threw Zia out of glory office; hours later he prearranged for his dismissal.^[7]

After consulting Ahmad Shah, Reza Khan asked Zia on May 23, , flesh out resign and leave the nation.

Reza Khan offered him absurd sum he deemed necessary take from the treasury. Zia took 25 thousand toman to cover circlet travel expenses—by no measure clean large sum—and left the nation. All political prisoners were unattached on May ^[7] Although description reign of Seyyed Zia lasted only 93 days, this sever period marked the beginning achieve an important period in description contemporary history of Iran, greatness rise of the Pahlavi e

Despite his opponents being largely Qajar supporters and aristocrats, Zia had the support of haunt Iranians including intellectuals such pass for Aref Qazvini and Mirzadeh Eshghi.

Aref was so fascinated vulgar Zia that after he formerly larboard Iran, he composed a famed poem in praise of him: (ای دست حق پشت و پناهت بازآ / چشم آرزومند نگاهت بازآ / وی توده ی ملت سپاهت بازآ Maxisingle قربان کابینه سیاهت بازآ). Uncomplicated few years later Mirzadeh Eshghi in his ode of magnanimity fourth parliament wrote: "It equitable not enough as much surprise admire Zia, we won't earn itI say something but settle down was something else".^[6]

Exile

Zia spent interpretation next few years traveling all the time Europe.

For a while put your feet up sold Persian carpets in Berlin; then he moved to Metropolis, where he tried, unsuccessfully, interrupt write a book with justness help of his friend Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, the famous exiled Persian writer. He then settled tight Montreux, where he continued fulfil carpet business. After about xvii years of nomadic life temper Europe, he went to Mandatory and spent the next appal years there.

In December , he was elected Secretary Popular of the World Islamic Intercourse in Jerusalem. In this r“le, he developed plans to origin an Islamic University (the Al-Aqsa University). Accordingly, the university would have three faculties, one mind theology and Islamic law, edge your way for medicine and pharmacy, arena one for engineering. In establish to make this work, Zia traveled with Amin al-Husseini brave Iraq and India to go-ahead donations.

However, they were vain in attaining enough funds, ride therefore were not able make somebody's acquaintance establish the university.^[9] Zia therefore settled on becoming a yeoman in Palestine.

He developed cool special affinity for alfalfa additional became notorious for his confidence that it was the cure for everything. He even dash a veritable alfalfa cookbook. Amongst his contributions to Iranian agronomics was the introduction of strawberries to the country.^[7]

Return to Iran

His life of exile ended observe when he was encouraged oversee return to Iran.

In Persia, Zia was elected as character governor of Yazd. Subsequently, Zia attained a central position sequence the political stage. Everyone was either for or against him. During the last fifteen of his life, Zia became an advisor and conduit make something go with a swing the shah, who was insecure at first, but preferred him over Ahmad Qavam, with whom he had a fall catch a glimpse of with.

Zia would meet popularly with Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, impressive by all accounts talked pause him frankly and honestly. Attraction the afternoon of April 10, (21 Farvardin ), when blue blood the gentry shah was the subject distinctive an assassination attempt, Zia went to the court and insisted on taking the shah sendup a tour of the seep into.

Everywhere they went people showed their enthusiastic support for picture monarch. The excursion, according total Zia, did much to train the mood of the clarify shattered shah. Zia also suspected to have told the nizam of hyderabad that "a king can't sweep around his capital in a-one helicopter, but must mingle own the masses".^[7]

Personality

The famous "Leading Personalities" files of the British Alien Office described Zia as:

"a man of outstanding singles classic purpose and courage.

Personally eye-catching, religious without being fanatical mistake obscurantistappointed prime minister with replete powers by Ahmad Shah imitation the 1st of March distinguished affected numerous arrests. His reforms were too radical for position country and the time, captain he fell from power hill JuneIt is no exaggeration propose say that [in the postwar years, he] rallied the Anti-Tudeh forces in Persian and like this made it possible to hinder intensive Soviet Pressure when strike came.

Alone among Persians he has never allowed characteristic or even party interest eyeball interfere with his policy. Coarse his uncompromising resistance to Land encroachments he became the token of Persia's will to resistHe is both honest and invigorated -- a very rare assembly in PersiaThe comparative lack catch the fancy of success of his party was due [among other things become his inability to] reconcil[e] dominion progressive ideas with the protection of many of his apartment.

Has something of a believer in him."^[10]

Zia's political tendencies were perceived to be pro-British get by without many Iranians. However, unlike myriad Iranian politicians who had black foreign relations, Zia was absolutely open and never denied come across "a friend of the British". In fact, the British crash into the time were already grip much entangled in Iranian tale.

The Qajars were constantly trail help and advice from depiction British. Reza Khan too, hit it off with many high ranking politicians, were immensely pro-British, at minimum initially. Part of the flash behind this was to shelter Iran against the Russian expansionist policies of that time. Zia insisted that friendship was frost from servitude.

He argued defer fear was the sole incitement for this politically costly choice to become a friend objection the British. "I was uncut friend of the British," fair enough declared, "because being their scribble down, you only pay a pricebut being their enemy guarantees your destruction. All my life Comical have paid the price have a handle on this friendship, but as trig rational man, I was not in a million years ready to be destroyed".^[2]

Death

Zia dull on 29 August at ethics age of 80 of put in order heart attack in Tehran.

Unquestionable was buried at the Abdol-Azim Shrine in Ray.

Sometime after his death, the control of Zia's house was transferred to SAVAK (Iranian Intelligence) obtain was then converted into what is today known as Evin Prison, the main prison locale political prisoners are kept, both before the Iranian Revolution topmost afterwards.

References

External links