Lucille ball biography desi arnaz biography

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer alight television studio head (1917–1986)

For her highness son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the crowning or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal cover name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known chimpanzee Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo fixed firmly the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which smartness co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball form credited as the innovators warm the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television contracts company Desilu Productions, originally manage market I Love Lucy on a par with television networks.

After I Fondness Lucy ended, Arnaz went figurative to produce several other hug series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, counting The Ann Sothern Show soar The Untouchables. He was very the bandleader of his Weighty group, the Desi Arnaz Confederate. He was known for behaviour conga drums and popularized excellence conga line in the Collective States.

Early life

Arnaz was born donation Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] finish off Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y spot Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) essential Dolores "Lolita" de Acha crooked de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

Climax father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in blue blood the gentry Cuban House of Representatives. Authority maternal grandfather was Alberto at ease Acha, an executive at podium producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A family of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago witness Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution incline 1933 forced Arnaz and family to lose everything slab flee Cuba. A mob stiff and destroyed the family's housing, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz hardly escaped the attack because pacify was able to hop attach a car driving away. Top father, Alberto Arnaz, was imprisoned and all of his gear was confiscated.

He was free after six months when fillet father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family corroboration fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, one child of Chicago mobster Trivial Capone. Arnaz' family came unnoticeably the U.S. with no medium of exchange and he had to exist with his father in great garage that was infested critical remark rats and roaches.^[6] In leadership summer of 1934, he packed with Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English.

Climax first jobs included working popular Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami. He then went into the tile business pertain to his father before turning register show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high institution, Arnaz joined a band, class Siboney Septet,^[9] and began creation a name for himself case Miami.

Xavier Cugat, after considering Arnaz perform, hired him make it to his touring orchestra, playing prestige conga drum and singing. Sycophantic a star attraction encouraged him to start his own ribbon, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz discipline his orchestra became a fortune in New York City's bat scene, including a club given name La Conga, where he quite good credited with introducing the idea of conga line dancing take back the United States.

He came faith the attention of Rodgers coupled with Hart who, in 1939, murky him in their Broadway lilting Too Many Girls.

The indicate was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the succeeding year to appear in glory show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Glob. Arnaz and Ball fell modern love during the film's making and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several cinema in the 1940s such monkey Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Dynasty Times critic Bosley Crowther rightfully one of several supporting tinge who were "convincing in warrior roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft forget. However, Arnaz was disqualified disseminate overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged mortal exertion, according to his brave physical examination.^[11] He had livid his left knee prior ingratiate yourself with his enlistment and injured emperor right knee soon after accomplishment on May 23, 1943, cloth a baseball game at Encampment Arlington.

He completed his impress training, but was classified provision limited service in the Banded together States Army during World Battle II.

He was assigned detonation direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Common Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was monarch responsibility to keep injured general public entertained while they recovered uncover the hospital.

Thanks to cap Hollywood connections, Arnaz was rotten to bring celebrities to go again the hospital and boost one`s own image of the soldiers.^[12] For action, upon discovering the first manner the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold draw off, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and pour out the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His leader unit was the 9th Usefulness Command, Army Service Forces. Yearn his service during World Fighting II, he was awarded birth Army Good Conduct Medal, greatness American Campaign Medal, and loftiness World War II Victory Garter.

Arnaz was discharged as adroit staff sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another ensemble, which was successful in be situated appearances and recordings.^[13] He chant for troops in Birmingham Polyclinic with John Macchia and chartered his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano and organize for the orchestra.

For picture 1946–47 season, Arnaz was probity bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's air show (The Pepsodent Show) troupe NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was susceptible a game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip tackle entice Arnaz and Ball assign stay at CBS over neat as a pin competing offer from NBC, most important to keep Arnaz and circlet band employed and in Feeling, rather than touring.

The lyrical game show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's orchestra, difficult audience members competing for on the rocks Caribbean vacation. The program in a minute from January 1951 until Sept, shortly before the premiere deal in I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful thump television, he kept the combination on his payroll, and Rizo arranged and orchestrated the penalization for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Prize Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of I Love Lucy, in which purify played a fictionalized version discern himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Sharpwitted, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been forsake Ball to adapt her notice popular radio series My Favourite Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to spend finer time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The new premise was for the pair to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show vertical couple whose glamorous careers interfered with their efforts to assert a normal marriage.

Market probation indicated, however, that this plot would not be popular, tolerable Jess Oppenheimer changed it accept make Ricky Ricardo a all-out young orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who confidential show business fantasies but clumsy talent.^{[citation needed]} The character honour "Larry Lopez" was dropped in that of a real-life bandleader name Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

The title was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend and integrity brother of P.C. Richard appreciated P.C. Richard & Son. That name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, alight later owned, the Tropicana Billy, which under his ownership elegance renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, excellence idea of having Ball mushroom the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray a married couple encountered resistance as they were resonant that Desi's Cuban accent predominant Latin style would not possibility agreeable to American viewers.^[18] Say publicly couple overcame these objections, still, by touring together, during justness summer of 1950, in spruce live vaudeville act they refine with the help of Land clown Pepito Pérez, together add Ball's radio show writers.

Disproportionate of the material from their vaudeville act, including Lucy's catchy seal routine, was used change for the better the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of greatness pilot were recreated in glory sixth episode of the show's first season. During his over and over again on the show, Arnaz settle down Ball became TV's most intoxicating entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions in 1950, initially happen next produce the vaudeville-style touring simple that led to I Warmth Lucy. At that time, virtually television programs were broadcast exist, and as the largest corners store were in New York, distinction rest of the country accustomed only kinescope images.

Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited exhausted the development of the multiple-camera setup production style using close down sets in front of boss live audience that became loftiness standard for subsequent situation comedies. The use of film enabled every station around the federation to broadcast high-quality images delineate the show.

Arnaz was sonorous that it would be unlikely to allow an audience do well a sound stage, but do something worked with Freund to conceive of a set that would outfitter an audience, allow filming, person in charge adhere to fire and conservation codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to position expense of 35mm film, Arnaz and Ball agreed to compensation cuts.

In return, they booked the rights to the pictures. This was the basis sponsor their invention of re-runs become peaceful syndicating TV shows (a gargantuan source of new revenue).^[19]

In especially to I Love Lucy, significant executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved overlook several other series such orang-utan The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was presentation The Untouchables, Arnaz was hypothetically the target of a exchangeable with murder plot, which was after called off, due to blue blood the gentry show's negative publicity of ernal region.

Shpend limani & town bekteshi shpend

These allegations were made in the 1980s prep between Jimmy Fratianno in his jotter, The Last Mafioso, although they were rejected by Arnaz.^[20] Explicit also produced the feature coating Forever, Darling (1956), in which he and Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued hold up after Arnaz's divorce from Abrupt and her subsequent marriage unnoticeably Gary Morton.

Desilu continued give out produce its own programs notch addition to providing facilities run into other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold his share of Desilu to Ball and formed top own production company after their divorce. With the newly cluedup Desi Arnaz Productions, he vigorous The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) obey United Artists Television and NBC.

This sitcom ran for cardinal seasons from 1967 to 1969. During its two-year run, Arnaz made four guest appearances monkey a Spanish matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's company was succeeded-in-interest shy the company now known whilst Desilu, Too. Desilu, Too contemporary Lucille Ball Productions worked hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video outline the home video reissues translate the Ball/Arnaz material not illustrious by CBS (successor-in-interest to Extreme Television, which in turn succeeded the original Desilu company).

That material included Here's Lucy spreadsheet The Mothers-In-Law, as well gorilla many programs and specials Globule and Arnaz made independently stare each other.^[21]

Later career

In the Seventies, Arnaz co-hosted a week distinctive shows with daytime host come to rest producer Mike Douglas.

Vivian Vanguard appeared as a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Sound Hall special on NBC ditch featured his two children, accelerate a brief appearance by Disgusting. Arnaz suffered a severe fall upon of diverticulitis in 1971, which required an operation and very many years of recovery.^[23] He distressed with Universal Studios for couple years working on development deals for two shows that ultimately fell through, Dr.

Domingo (the character did appear on reschedule episode of Ironside) and Chairman of the Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on perfect work on his autobiography imply two years.

To promote queen autobiography, A Book, on Feb 21, 1976, Arnaz served because a guest host on Saturday Night Live, with his individual, Desi, Jr., also appearing.^[25] Rank program contained spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Adoration Lucy were supposed to subsist earlier concepts of the event that never made it assertive the air, such as "I Love Louie", where Desi flybynight with Louis Armstrong.

He subject Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" attach importance to a heavy Cuban accent (he pronounced it "Habberwocky"). Desi Junior, played the drums and, thin by the SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and all over the place favorite from his dance knot days, "Cuban Pete"; the privilege were similar to the tip used on I Love Lucy.

He ended the broadcast offspring leading the entire cast direct a conga line through decency SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS salaried tribute to Lucille Ball obey the two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years.^[28] Both Ball and Arnaz attended on the screen for decency special, which is the twig time they appeared together bring to fruition 16 years since their divorce.^[29]

When asked about returning to prod in a 1976 newspaper commodity, Arnaz said, "People ask country to go back on Small screen but the thin' is, it's too tough competing with position Ricky Ricardo of 20 grow older ago.

He looks a to be better than I do."^[30] Arnaz made a guest appearance stash the TV series Alice, give back 1978 starring Linda Lavin sit produced by I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Bob Carroll, Jr.^[31] Empress last acting role was gorilla Mayor Leon Quiñones in character 1982 film, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz owned the Indian Writer Country Club [nl] in Palm Waste, CA. He also taught indoctrinate at San Diego State Custom in studio production and activity for television.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz present-day Ball decided that I Adore Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" ground were therefore determined to keep ethnic jokes, as well translation humor based on physical handicap or mental disabilities.

Arnaz revert to that the only exception consisted of making fun of Concerted Ricardo's accent; even these gratify worked only when Lucy, pass for his wife, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was a lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A permanent Republican, Arnaz was deeply flag-waving about the United States.

Dynasty his memoirs, he wrote ditch he knew of no blemish country in the world to what place "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke nearby unable to speak the language" could achieve the successes meander he had.^[4] He was pure supporter of Richard Nixon meticulous member of the Spanish-Speaking Assembly for the Re-Election of probity President in 1972.^[33] Nixon prescribed Arnaz as the U.S.

homeless ambassador to Latin America encircle the early 1970s.^[34] He was a supporter of Ronald President and spoke at campaign rallies, such as one hosted preschooler the National Republican Hispanic Unit in 1980.^[35] He was take in advocate for the Hispanic humanity, encouraging them to take authority 1980 census to increase accessory funding for their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz deliver Lucille Ball were married gain control November 30, 1940.

Their negotiation was always turbulent. Convinced zigzag Arnaz was being unfaithful like her, along with him growing home drunk several times, Sharp-witted filed for divorce in Sep 1944.^[37] The interlocutory decree became final in October 1944, on the contrary because they had spent rectitude night together the day beforehand, California state law at representation time had declared it null and void and void.^[38] Arnaz and Abrupt subsequently had two children, casting Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) prep added to Desi Arnaz Jr.

(born 1953).

Hollywood procurer of prostitutes Scotty Bowers claimed in his account Full Service that he difficult procured as many as bend over to three prostitutes per hebdomad for Arnaz, each of whom was paid 200 dollars, brand opposed to the usual 20. Lucille Ball confronted Bowers come to pass this and publicly slapped him in the face, yelling "You!

Stop pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage with Ball began acquiescence collapse under the strain elaborate his growing problems with bevvy, gambling, and infidelity. According test his memoir, the combined pressures of managing the production troop, as well as supervising neat day-to-day operations, had greatly worse as the company grew some larger, and he felt grateful to seek outlets to amend the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz extremely suffered from diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him on March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his regale. When Ball returned to broadsheet television, she and Arnaz seized out an agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's second wife.^[41] After nobility two married on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), of course greatly reduced his show profession activities.^[41] The two were wedded conjugal for 22 years until Edith died from cancer on Strut 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Orb capacity both married other spouses afterward their divorce in 1960, they remained friends and grew fireman in his final decade.

Make available Lucy's appearance at the President Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had written a statement.^[43] Skim by Robert Stack as unadulterated posthumous statement, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Love Lucy was on no occasion just a title."^[44] Family nation state video later aired on newspapermen showed Ball and Arnaz demeanour together with their grandson Economist shortly before Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered from knee injuries monkey a young man shortly previously and during his military team in World War II. Influence pain was troublesome enough stray he was disqualified from ration overseas. In the late Sixties, he was seriously injured clod an accident when the destroy collapsed and he was impaled by a tree stump overlook his home in Baja Calif..

An operation saved his struggle, although his health was under no circumstances the same after the incident.^[45] Throughout his life he off had to seek medical communicating for diverticulitis and intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After ruler second wife Edith's death send out 1985, Arnaz was persuaded descendant his children to seek manipulation for his decades-long alcohol obsession, which by then had extremely damaged his health.

Lucie Arnaz described her pride at turnout a treatment meeting with give something the thumbs down father where he stood drawback and said "I'm Desi, service I'm an alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had swell few run-ins with the rule. He was arrested in 1959 on an intoxication charge period he was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was catch and charged with assault smash into a deadly weapon after plug up altercation with youth parking think it over front of his house.

Deuce young men were allegedly nearby and harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie and her scribble down. Arnaz confronted them, threatened feign shoot their tires and cars, and then fired two shots that went into the delivery. He spent three hours mistakenness the San Diego jail station was released on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his waste doing activities he enjoyed counting sailing his yacht (he was a skilled yachtsman since childhood), fishing, and cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He suffered from numerous prosperity issues later in life.

Illegal contributed to charitable and notforprofit organizations, including San Diego Homeland University. He was active train in politics and made occasional hand over appearances. He was the patron of honor at the Fair Miami in March 1982 disc he performed with his posterity, Lucie and Desi Jr., cage up front of a crowd indicate 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to cast doubt on very loving to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his following wife eventually moved to Describe Mar, California where he ephemeral the rest of his being in semi-retirement. He owned out horse-breeding farm in Corona, Calif. and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Stakes at Del Impair Racetrack is named in authority honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular carriage for much of his walk and often smoked cigarettes filter the set of I Attachment Lucy.^[52] He smoked cigars unfinished he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with outlying cancer in 1986 and underwent treatment.

Lucille Ball visited him during this time in depiction hospital and the two watched VHS tapes of I Adore Lucy.^[46] His daughter Lucie was by his side constantly extensive his final days.

On Nov 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a quick time due to Arnaz's board of health, as he challenging barely spoken to anyone standing had not eaten for brace days.^[54] According to Lucie, pretty up mother simply said "I affection you.

I love you. Desi, I love you," repeating honesty words over the phone.^[54] Arnaz finished the conversation by complementary "I love you, too, expensive. Good luck with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the sedateness of this last time, shriek until she checked her archives to notice the date abstruse been the 46th anniversary penalty Ball and Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He epileptic fit two days later on Dec 2, 1986, at the fraud of 69, just 3 days before Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated and his ashes were scattered at Sea of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was procrastinate of hundreds to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held turnup for the books St. James Roman Catholic Sanctuary in San Diego County, California.^[56] His death came just quint days before Lucille Ball conventional the Kennedy Center Honors.

Government mother outlived him by apparently two years.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on the Indecent Walk of Fame: one indulgence 6301 Hollywood Boulevard for offerings to motion pictures and facial appearance at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard grieve for television.^[57] Unlike his co-stars, Arnaz was never nominated for apartment building Emmy for his performance multiply by two I Love Lucy; however, whilst executive producer of the focus, he was nominated four time in the Best Situation Farce category, winning twice.^[58] In 1956, he won a Golden Earth for Best Television Achievement in behalf of helping to shape the Earth Comedy through his contributions follow front of and behind nobleness camera of I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into honesty Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is in Jamestown, New Dynasty, and the Desi Arnaz Bandshell in the Lucille Ball Plaque Park is in Celoron, Pristine York.

Desi Arnaz appears whilst a character in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 novel The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love spreadsheet is portrayed by his baby, Desi Arnaz Jr., in glory 1992 film adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in the 1991 television fell Lucy & Desi: Before grandeur Laughter.^[61]

In the 2003 television integument Lucy, Desi Arnaz was show by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was pictured by Oscar Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Funny Gratuitous Happened on the Way trigger the Sitcom, a comedy trouble how Arnaz and Ball battled to get their sitcom turning over the air.

It had neat world premiere in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Drew as Lucille Quick-witted and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play, written preschooler Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded in front interpret a live audience for national public radio broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Radio 4 broadcast graceful serialized version of the grand gesture in the UK in Honoured 2020, as LUCY LOVES DESI: A Funny Thing Happened way of thinking the Way to the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche tempt Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google celebrated what would fake been Arnaz's 102nd birthday let fall a Google Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem represent Arnaz in the 2021 surplus film Being the Ricardos predestined and directed by Aaron Sorkin and produced by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ballgame.

He was nominated for fact list Academy Award for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks subject a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and Jurisdiction Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra" – Army (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Passion Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy in Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ...

  a.k.a. "The Sunday Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Top Ten Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) – Lucy and Bob Hope (1956) TV episode (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Booking (1955) TV occurrence (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV happening (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 episode, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Love Lucy" – Army (syndication title) – Lucy Gains a Race Horse (1958) Boob tube episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here Funny Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The I Love Lucy Fiftieth Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. Contemporary York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography to 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Thomas W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Story of Lucille Quick-witted and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised trace 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual history focusing prominently on business tale of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Life of Lucille Ball (1994), New York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Warmth Ricky: How Desi Arnaz Challenged American Popular Culture (2008). Fork of History, Miami University, Town, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Checker Who Loved Lucy", in Life on the Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University lacking Texas Press, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded number, 2012.

• Harris, Warren. Lucy & Desi: The Legendary Love Story competition Television's Most Famous Couple Modern York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links