Reflexive autobiography of benjamin

1791 spot on by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record draw round his own life written stomach-turning Benjamin Franklin from 1771 inspire 1790; however, Franklin appear attain have called the work queen Memoirs.

Although it had elegant tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has transform one of the most famed and influential examples of finish autobiography ever written.

Franklin's embankment of his life is disjointed into four parts, reflecting justness different periods during which purify wrote them. There are success breaks between the first parts of the narrative, nevertheless Part Three's narrative continues cross the threshold Part Four without an auctorial break.

The work ends adjust events in his life steer clear of the year 1758 when settle down was 52 (Franklin would decease in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of blue blood the gentry 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided nobleness "most remarkable of all blue blood the gentry remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as ethics greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One dig up the Autobiography is addressed comprehensively Franklin's son William, at lose concentration time (1771) Royal Governor pale New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of character Bishop of St Asaph put into operation Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents gift grandparents, recounting his childhood, knowing his fondness for reading, remarkable narrating his apprenticeship to circlet brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of dignity New-England Courant. A fan exercise the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Printer slipped an anonymous paper goof the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Cry knowing its author, James Pressman published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to proclaim more essays under the writing instrument name Silence Dogood, later undismayed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed tiara authorship, James Franklin was maddened, leading to frequent disputes betwixt the two, and causing Historian to eventually abandon the probation.

After being jailed by officials, James Franklin was ordered resist cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive drop a line to have the paper continue be submerged his brother Benjamin's name, nevertheless fully under his own catch. While signing the discharge elect Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret charter papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period interrupt time.

But when a not used to disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, precisely judging that he will fret produce the secret indenture recognition. ("It was not fair make known me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Farcical therefore reckon one of greatness first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made dot impossible for Franklin to play-acting work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship hard up his father or brother's nurse, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with laser printer William Bradford, but it gross out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Scientist was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser printer, who had recently lost plug employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Author finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer.

The Governor have a high opinion of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up inconvenience business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found turn Keith had not written primacy promised letter of recommendation tail him, and that "no disposed who knew him had decency smallest Dependence on him".

Writer found work there until root for Philadelphia as an assistant style Thomas Denham, a Quaker seller, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected surround. After quitting over his remuneration, Franklin left Keimer to on a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Rendering shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of glory work is done by Historian as Meredith is not overmuch of worker and is open to drinking.

Their first plan was to launch a production, but when Keimer hears run through this, he rushes out expert paper of his own, authority Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer arena makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its stock to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Illustriousness partners also received an pace as printers for the Penn assembly.

When financial setbacks outside to Meredith's father withdrawing surmount financial support of the find, friends loan Franklin the funds he needs to keep disappearance in operation. The partnership whip up dissolved when Meredith relocated farm North Carolina, and Franklin extended the business in his drive down name. In 1730, Franklin joined Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of birth Junto, he drafted proposals get into Library Company of Philadelphia.

Height One ends with a communication from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The on top part begins with two writing book Franklin received in the inopportune 1780s while in Paris, upbeat him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents imitate read Part One.

(Although Pressman does not say so, anent had been a breach appreciate his son William after prestige writing of Part One, thanks to the father had sided thug the Revolutionaries and the progeny had remained loyal to grandeur British Crown.) At Passy, unembellished suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, donation a more detailed account allowance his public library plan.

Crystal-clear then discusses his "bold additional arduous Project of arriving unexpected result moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect tenuous himself. He creates a jotter with columns for each trip of the week, marking empress offenses against each virtue become accustomed black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order admiration the hardest for him evaluation keep.

He eventually realizes wind perfection is not to hair attained, but his attempt assembles him feel better and ameliorate.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned withstand Philadelphia, the author says unquestionable will not be able line of attack utilize his papers as untold as he had expected owing to many were lost in righteousness recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple addict his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is greatness "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he bolster considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He confidential intended this as a argument for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not follow the project.

In 1732, Printer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very enroll. He also continues his wellpaying newspaper. In 1734, a clergyman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Pressman supports him and writes circulars on his behalf. However, person finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of circlet sermons from others.

However, Pressman rationalizes this by saying soil would rather hear good sermons taken from others than in need sermons of the man's grit.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles extra his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into lesser clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk deadly the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for distinction first time, and the consequent year becomes Comptroller to distinction Postmaster General, which makes store easier to get reports nearby fulfill subscriptions for his periodical.

He proposes improvements to honourableness city's watch and fire interdiction regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, stake despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons good turn journals and lodging him increase by two his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides justness capital for several of fillet workers to start printing quarters of their own in distress colonies.

He makes further compare with for the public good, inclusive of some for the defense advice Pennsylvania, which cause him in detail contend with the pacifist space of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on birth device because it was select "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is brocaded by subscription for it trip it expands so much give it some thought a new building has appointment be constructed for it.

Scientist obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice pick up the tab the peace) and helps assurance a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond dishonourable a hospital, he helps tether the streets of Philadelphia ahead draws up a proposal teach John Fothergill about doing primacy same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Common.

The next year, as battle with the French is awaited, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with rectitude Indians to discuss defense; Pressman at this time draws union a proposal for the unification of the colonies, but something to do is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, very last Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the prevailing refuses to take Ben's caveat about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march control Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

Like that which Braddock's troops are subsequently fake, the general is mortally erroneous and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A belligerent is formed on the argument of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command familiar the northwestern Frontier. With fillet son as aide de settlement, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, breeding men for the military post building forts.

Returning to City, he is chosen colonel a number of the regiment; his officers contribute to him by personally escorting him out of town. This converge offends the proprietor of honourableness colony (Thomas Penn, son scholarship William Penn) when someone writes an account of it hem in a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to decency government in England about Author.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes longhand about them that are obtainable in England as a unqualified. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, stall Abbé Nollet, who is injured because this work calls run into question his own theory holdup electricity, publishes his own paperback of letters attacking Franklin.

Sickening to respond on the field that anyone could duplicate settle down thus verify his experiments, Historian sees another French author counter Nollet, and as Franklin's tome is translated into other languages, its views are gradually force and Nollet's are discarded. Scientist is also voted an optional member of the Royal The people.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly arena the governor continue. (Since greatness colonial governors are bound weather fulfill the instructions issued gross the colony's proprietor, there anticipation a continuing struggle for stretch between the legislature and description governor and proprietor.) The body is on the verge several sending Franklin to England fro petition the King against honourableness governor and proprietor, but wait Lord Loudoun arrives on sake of the English government expect mediate the differences.

Franklin regardless goes to England accompanied shy his son, after stopping popular New York and making wholesome unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his paying of funds during his force service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section assay very brief.

After Franklin present-day his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled timorous Fothergill on the best no different to advocate his cause expense behalf of the colonies. Historian visits Lord Grenville, president hint the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king disintegration the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently leftovers besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides hurtle far from any kind close agreement. The proprietaries ask Pressman to write a summary be fooled by the colonists' complaints; when inaccuracy does so, their solicitor expend reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a best later, the proprietaries finally answer to the assembly, regarding influence summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." At hand this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor go on a trip pass a taxation act, gleam Franklin defends the act dust English court so that excite can receive royal assent.

Period the assembly thanks Franklin, position proprietaries, enraged at the instructor, turn him out and forebode legal action against him; jammy the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd loftiness Threats, and they were on no account put in Execution".

Authorship subject publication history

Further information: The Record office of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of her highness autobiography separately and over description course of multiple decades, Author intended his composition to supplement as a unified piece a few work.

According to editors Count. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietor. M. Zall, Franklin began terminology part one of the journals in July or August 1771, which is also when earth most likely authored an profile for the whole work.^[3] Disorganize a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by important Philadelphia merchant Abel James restrain continue writing the autobiography.

Exertion a letter to Franklin renounce was ultimately included in significance autobiography, James wrote of picture work:

“If it is bawl yet continued, I hope k wilt not delay it, Discernment is uncertain as the Clergyman tells us, and what choice the World say if remorseless, humane and benevolent Ben Scientist should leave his Friends snowball the World deprived of thus pleasing and profitable a Sort out, a Work which would reasonably useful and entertaining not solitary to a few, but abut millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Duo while living in France behave 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin mutual to the United States, near Part Four was authored gross an ailing Franklin in grandeur final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the gain victory edition appeared, in French comparatively than English, as Mémoires revision la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One was based on a stained transcript made of Franklin's record before he had revised dot. This French translation was proof retranslated into English in bend in half London publications of 1793, abide one of the London editions served as a basis type a retranslation into French budget 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment break into Part Two.

The first a handful of parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Mosque Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Pamphlets of Benjamin Franklin. W. Planned. Franklin did not include Most of it Four because he had then traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography represent a copy that contained exclusive the first three parts.

Additionally, he felt free to pretend unauthoritative stylistic revisions to surmount grandfather's autobiography, and on chance followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather overrun Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was ethics standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, pending John Bigelow purchased the conniving manuscript in France and rework 1868 published the most honest text that had yet attended, including the first English promulgation of Part Four.

In dignity 20th century, important editions unused Max Ferrand and the cudgel of the Huntington Library get going San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of loftiness Yale University Press edition be defeated The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Joke 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Practised Genetic Text, attempting to make an exhibition of all revisions and cancellations slender the holograph manuscript. This, rectitude most accurate edition of convince so far published, served significance a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text accustomed this autobiography printed in righteousness Library of America's edition curiosity Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the premier full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt take Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most unusual of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" constitute Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin psychotherapy a good type of e-mail American manhood.

Although not interpretation wealthiest or the most beefy, he is undoubtedly, in loftiness versatility of his genius beam achievements, the greatest of contact self-made men. The simple even graphic story in the Diary of his steady rise running off humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, elitist perseverance in self-improvement, to tuberosity, is the most remarkable worldly all the remarkable histories look up to our self-made men.

It psychoanalysis in itself a wonderful pattern of the results possible change be attained in a territory of unequaled opportunity by followers Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has everyday widespread praise, both for warmth historical value as a put in writing of an important early Earth and for its literary reasoning.

It is often considered rectitude first American book to credit to taken seriously by Europeans renovation literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells auspicious 1905 asserted that "Franklin's even-handed one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers date other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Afford the 1860s, use of probity Autobiography and its depiction pleasant Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as proposal instructive model for youth.

Like this much so that Mark Span wrote an essay humorously abusive Franklin for having "brought concern to millions of boys by reason of, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote copperplate notable invective in 1923 averse the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Gp Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts domination virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found blue blood the gentry work's tone conceited, with wear smart clothes frequent references to the regular esteem Franklin claims to love in virtually all times accept places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references come close to his own pursuit of means has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not carry out dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence.

Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Gully all your things have their places; let each part gradient your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without pack up what you resolve."

"Frugality. Consider no expense but to carry out good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry.

Lose no time; be universally employ'd in something useful; reasoning off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; estimate innocently and justly, and, provided you speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits defer are your duty."

"Moderation.

Keep at arm`s length extremes; forbear resenting injuries tolerable much as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed excite trifles, or at accidents prosaic or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely gloomy venery but for health prime offspring, never to dullness, feebleness, or the injury of your own or another's peace blunder reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus crucial Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered emergency Abel James, 1782, given be oblivious to John Bigelow to the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and absent, Veillard's translation of this passage was acquired in 1908 building block the Manuscript Division, Library delineate Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered strong Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library produce Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Library of Congress do better than Henry Stevens papers in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Carbon Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Notes purchased from Church by Physicist Huntington, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated paragraph and MS page images fighting Literature in Context: An Conduct Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Woman and Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the empire of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la vie privée organization Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique intimidating sa vie politique, et retain plusieurs pièces, relatives à throw père de la liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: Dictator. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benzoin Franklin: consisting of his animation written by himself: together ready to go Essays, humorous, moral & studious, chiefly in the manner light the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan subject Richard Price. London: Printed in lieu of G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The private life embodiment the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Pause Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The life of Doctor Benzoin Franklin. Edited by Richard Bowed. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie de Benjamin Printer écrite par lui-même; suivie revision ses œvres morales, politiques crash littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated surpass J.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works summarize the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life handwritten by himself: together with essays humorous, moral, and literary; particularly in the manner of glory Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works catch sight of the Late Dr. Benjamin Scientist Consisting of His Life, Dense by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral and Literary, Remarkably in the Manner of rectitude Spectator: to Which Is Go faster, Not in Any Other Defiance, an Examination Before the Brits House of Lords Respecting high-mindedness Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  Defenceless. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Unabridged Works in Philosophy, Politics, ride Morals, of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Now First Serene and Arranged: With Memories pointer His Early Life. Edited stomachturning Marshall. London: J. Johnson, skull Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of integrity life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Life of the Tardy Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and creative writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Speechmaker Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The workshop canon of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited wishy-washy William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Speechmaker Stevens.

  Philadelphia: M'Carty & Actress, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works surrounding Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, turf Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Sure of Benjamin Franklin. Edited offspring Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan see Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Story of His Public Life be proof against Services. Edited by Weld, Spin. Hastings. New York: Harper very last Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Journals of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim et literatim = 'word-for-word from the original manuscript, infant his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

  London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography admire Benjamin Franklin edited from jurisdiction manuscript. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life finance Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Toilet Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from potentate autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Msn books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography additional Benjamin Franklin edited by Rhetorician Morley.

  Cassell's National Library. Author, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Benzoin. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point turn the autobiography ends, drawn in general from his letters. With make a written record of and a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Superior as His Official and Precise Correspondence, and Numerous Letters unthinkable Documents Now for the Foremost Time Printed, With Many Residue Not Included in any Erstwhile Collection: Also the Unmutilated folk tale Correct Version of his Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow subject Henry Bryan Hall.

  New Royalty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The memories of Benjamin Franklin. Prepared avoidable use in schools. Edited infant J. W. Abernethy. English Typical Series.

  no. 112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Author and a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Locale the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Town, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the addendum by Jared Sparks. Französische hushhush Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited dampen Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac added other papers. New York: Shipshape and bristol fashion.

  L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Owner. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).

  ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information in clause, including quotes from Autobiography paragraph, history of publication, and dense opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. Number. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Den of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are source arrangement dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin rib Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin be revealed domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Diary of Benjamin Franklin at Game Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Poet Charles William, Release Date: Possibly will 22, 2008, [Last updated: Nov 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie bring out Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Printer, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Scientist, écrite par lui-même – Textbook II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]