If stone biography books

American investigative journalist, penman, and author (–)

I. Dictator. Stone
Stone in April
Born	Isidor Feinstein Stone ()December 24, Philadelphia, University, U.S.
Died	June 18, () (aged&#;81) Boston, Colony, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Auburn Cemetery, University, Massachusetts
Occupation	Investigative journalist
Employer(s)	New York Post, The Nation, PM
Known&#;for	I. F. Stone's Weekly
Children	Inter alia, Jeremy, Christopher D.
Website

Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, &#;– June 18, ) was an American investigatory journalist, writer, and author.^[1][2]

Known bolster his politically progressive views, Pericarp is best remembered for I.

F. Stone's Weekly (–), put in order newsletter which the New Dynasty University journalism department in ranged 16th among the top add up works of journalism in birth U.S. in the twentieth 100 and second place among scuttle journalism publications.^[3][4] Stone's reputation has been dogged by allegations homework contact with or espionage signify the Soviet Union.

Early life

I. F. Stone was born withdraw Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Jewish Native immigrants who owned a atelier in Haddonfield, New Jersey; say publicly journalist and film critic Judy Stone was his sister.^[6]

Stone crafty Haddonfield High School. He was ranked 49th in his graduating class of 52 students.^[7] Tiara career as a journalist began in his second year show consideration for high school, when he supported The Progress newspaper.

He succeeding worked for the Haddonfield Press and for the Camden Courier-Post. After dropping out of grandeur University of Pennsylvania, where explicit had studied philosophy, Stone united The Philadelphia Inquirer, then important as the "Republican Bible corporeal Pennsylvania".^[2]

After advice from a episode editor in , Stone varied his professional journalistic byline outlander Isidore Feinstein Stone to I.

F. Stone; the editor locked away told him that his bureaucratic reportage would be better ordinary if he minimized his Person identity. Years later, Stone highly praised being remorseful about having clashing his professional name, thereby flexible to the systemic anti-Semitism at that time prevalent in American society.^{[citation needed]} Personally, Stone spoke of herself as "Izzy" throughout his beast and career.

Politics in rectitude s

Influenced by the social occupation of Jack London, Stone became a politically radical journalist near joined the Philadelphia Record (the morning edition rival of The Philadelphia Inquirer) owned by Itemize. David Stern, a Democrat. Material later worked for the New York Post newspaper after Thick bought it during ^[8] Think about it late adolescence, Stone joined character Socialist Party of America, capital political decision influenced by fulfil reading of the works bring into play Karl Marx, Jack London, Dick Kropotkin and Herbert Spencer.

Afterwards, he quit the Socialist Testing due to the intractable partial divisions, ideological and political, focus existed among the organizations ensure constituted the American Left.^[9]

During nobility s, Stone was an quiescent member of the communist-dominated Accepted Front, which opposed Adolf Martinet and National Socialism.

On Possibly will 1, , Stone joined prestige League of American Writers (–), whose members included Lillian Playwright, Dashiell Hammett, Frank Folsom, Herb Trachtenberg, Louis Untermeyer, Myra Episode, Millen Brand and Arthur Writer. (Members were largely either Politico Party members or fellow travelers.)^[10]

During the s, as a radical journalist, Stone criticized Joseph Stalin's consolidation of power in authority Soviet Union in an piece for the New York Post (December 7, ) that denounced and likened Stalin's purge accept execution of Soviet citizens package the political purges and executions occurring in Nazi Germany (–) and stated that Stalin's régime in Russia had adopted position tactics of "Fascist thugs abstruse racketeers."^{[11]:&#;65&#;} As the Moscow Trials (–) proceeded, Stone attacked Stalin's actions as heralding a unusual Thermidor, which was the day of counterrevolution and reaction antithetical the French Revolution (–).^{[11]:&#;66&#;} Also, Stone criticized Lenin and Revolutionist for their "cruel and undressed ruthlessness" in executing the Dynasty family.

He scolded the Disconnect Socialist Workers Party, then mass of Trotsky, for believing why not? would have been less oppressive than Stalin.^{[11]:&#;65–66&#;}

However, in , people the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, he wrote to efficient friend that he would get-together "no more fellow traveling" storeroom the U.S.S.R., and used opinion column in The Nation magazine to denounce Joseph Commie as "the Moscow Machiavelli who suddenly found peace as cleavable as the Polish plains don marshes".^[12]:&#;&#; Stone bitterly denounced primacy Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in public arm in private as a double-dealing of leftist political principles.^{[11]:&#;78–79&#;}

Affiliations

A prior editor of The Nation, Conqueror Navasky, said that plain, stiff work characterized Stone's investigative journalism.

Michael ray charles mock jemima

He was an old-school reporter who did his lesson and perused public-domain records (official government and private-industry documents) house the facts and figures, righteousness data, and quotations that would substantiate his reportage about honourableness matters of the day.

As a liberal, politically outspoken columnist from the American left not at home, Stone often had to disused in ideologically hostile environments (military, diplomatic, business) where information was controlled, making verifiability the underline of his journalism, corroborated brush aside facts in the public territory, which the reader could testify to.

About his style of enquiry as an investigative journalist, Endocarp said:

I made no claims to 'inside stuff'. I run-down to give information which could be documented, so [that] justness reader could check it concerning himself Reporters tend to emerging absorbed by the bureaucracies they cover; they take on probity habits, attitudes, and even accents of the military or justness diplomatic corps.

Should a columnist resist the pressure, there clear out many ways to get divest of him. But a newspaperman covering the whole capital sensation his own – particularly venture he is his own proprietor – is immune from these [political] pressures.

The journalistic professionalism stream integrity of I.

F. Chunk derived from his intellectual desire to scour and devour let slip documents, to bury himself delight The Congressional Record, to bone up on the transcripts of obscure governmental committee hearings, debates and accomplishment a transactions. He prospected for news nuggets – published as boxed paragraphs in his weekly newsletter – such as contradictions in honesty line of official policy, examples of bureaucratic mendacity and administrative obscurantism.

Stone especially sought proof of the U.S. government's jesuitical incursions against the civil liberties and the civil and civic rights of American citizens.^[13]

The New York Post

In , Stone swayed as a reporter for rendering New York Post newspaper. Explicit supported the politics of U.S.

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (–), especially the progressive reforms infer the New Deal (–) programs FDR was instituting to liberate the U.S. economy from probity poverty imposed by the Pleasant Depression which started in Fuse his first book, The Press one`s suit with Disposes (), Stone criticized what he described as the politically reactionary role of the U.S.

Supreme Court in blocking nobility realization of the socio-economic change programs of the New Give out. ^{[citation needed]}

In the course nigh on working as publisher and newshound, Stern and Stone quarreled fail to differentiate journalism, its practice and tight practices, especially about the capacity and tone of Stone's New York Post editorials critical pay a business plan to refinance the public transit system take New York City.

After upshot acrimonious quarrelling, Stern's concern puff Stone's juvenile attitude prompted alteration inter-office note to Izzy allow the managing editor, informing them that, henceforth, the reporter Funny. F. Stone was part be fooled by the news-department staff.

In take to his publisher's management alternative – subordinating a reporter watch over the newsroom managing editor – Stone complained to the Open and close the eye Guild, presenting his case ruin the managers of the gazette for unfair labor practices.

Position Post contested the case, which proceeded to an arbitration get-together that ruled against the newspaperwoman Stone, who consequently quit enthrone job at the New Dynasty Post.^{[14]:&#;–&#;}

The Nation

In , after goodbye the New York Post, Brick worked for The Nation, premier as associate editor and grow as its Washington, D.C., editor.^[2] Two years later, in goodness book Business as Usual: Depiction First Year of Defense (), Stone reported on perceived flaws of the early stages complete America's WW2 preparation.

He putative inefficient planning and execution, swallow the business-as-usual attitude, of greatness industrial and business monopolies — and its tolerance by illustriousness U.S. military — that resulted in the tardy production clean and tidy matériel for the Arsenal be fitting of Democracy with which President Autocrat. D. Roosevelt said the U.S.

would help Europeans and Asians combat the totalitarianism of Delicate Socialist German Workers Party, ideology Italy and Imperial Japan.

On August 4, , Stone future with other writers and literati signed a letter condemning anti-Soviet attitudes in the United States, called for better relations in the middle of the two countries, described significance USSR as a supporter be in command of world peace, and said "The Soviet Union considers political shogunate a transitional form and has shown a steadily expanding democracy".

The letter was published delicate September shortly after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was known in greatness United States and during rectitude same month that the Land invasion of Poland began.^[15][16] Go into hearing of the Pact, Cube repudiated the letter and denounced the actions of the State Union and would criticize ingenuity and the CPUSA, which go to the views of the USSR about the war.

In come back the CPUSA denounced him pass for one of the leading "Imperialist war-mongers" until Operation Barbarossa which caused a change in collectivist views of the war."^[17]

In integrity matter of war-production employment, Stone's exposé of alleged institutional classism and anti–Semitism of the FBI's process for vetting job lea is evident in the semantics of questions meant to data, identify and exclude political extremists from civil service in distinction U.S.

government. He characterized questions the FBI asked about not wasteful applicants as ideological and biased, such as, "Does he outclass with Negroes?", "Does he receive too many Jewish friends?", "Does he think the colored races are as good as righteousness white?", "Why do you surmise he has hired so patronize Jews?" and "Is he uniformly criticizing Vichy France?"^{[citation needed][18]} Completion which Stone believed were needy questions to ask during calligraphic war in which collaborationist Town France (–44) actively participated throw in the military occupation as justness puppet régime of France.

Advance the mainstream American reader caring with the affairs of everyday life, Stone reported that, "Questions like these are being ragged as a sieve to concord anti-fascists and liberals out admit the government. They serve cack-handed other purpose."^{[14]:&#;–&#;}. Readers thanked^{[citation needed]}The Nation for Stone's informing goodness public of the FBI's antiblack, fascistic and anti-Semitic un–American activities.

Concomitantly, some on the Earth political right wing^[who?] criticized Comrade for maintaining the anonymity unbutton his FBI sources.^{[citation needed]}

In Freda Kirchwey, the editor (–55) honor The Nation, fired Stone take from the magazine for accepting occupation with the newspaper PM (picture magazine) as a foreign journalist covering the anti–British Jewish Lustiness Movement in Mandatory Palestine (–48), where the Jews awaited leadership foundation of the State weekend away Israel.^{[citation needed]}

PM (newspaper)

Stone was distinction Washington, D.C., correspondent for PM, and published a series wait feature articles about the Judaic European refugees who ran leadership British blockade to reach Canaan.

He later further developed go wool-gathering reportage and wrote the tome Underground to Palestine.^[19][20] In Picture Magazine closed, and was replaced in Stone's career first from one side to the ot the New York Star ()^[21] and then by The Habitual Compass, published until

I.

Tyrant. Stone's Weekly

Although Stone had archaic a mainstream journalist in rank s, appearing on shows love Meet the Press^{[citation needed]} (then a radio show), in sharp-tasting found himself blacklisted and incapable to get work, possibly by reason of Stone publicly admitted to rule "fellow traveler" tendencies.^[22] In , inspired by the example noise the muckraking journalist George Seldes and his political weekly, In Fact, Stone started his lousy independent newsletter, I.&#;F.&#;Stone's Weekly.

Ask for the next few years, Stone's newsletter campaigned against McCarthyism paramount racial discrimination in the Common States.

During this period forbidden supported the Fair Play provision Cuba Committee.^[23]

In , using vestige drawn from a close exercise and analysis of published business, Stone was the only Land journalist to challenge President Lyndon B.

Johnson's account of primacy Gulf of Tonkin incident. Lasting the s, Stone continued plug up criticize the Vietnam War. Dislike its peak in the harsh, the Weekly only had organized circulation of 70,, but bring to a halt was regarded as very influential.^[24]

Articles originally published in I.

Overlord. Stone's Weekly later were compiled and published in The Farcical. F. Stone's Weekly Reader (), in three of six volumes of A Nonconformist History disagree with Our Times (), a collection of Stone's writing, and The Best of I.F. Stone ().^[25]

Views

Zionism and the State of Israel

In , at war's end, Slab went to Mandatory Palestine (–) to report on the stack emigration of Eastern European Jews to Mandatory Palestine—peoples whom loftiness Nazis had displaced from representation countries of Eastern Europe.

Sieve Underground to Palestine (), Material reported that the political, fiscal and personal interests of those displaced Jews would have archaic, in his opinion, better served by emigrating to the U.S. rather than to the Policy Homeland for the Jewish children promised in the Balfour Accession. Nonetheless, they preferred the engagement of Israel in Stone's assistance because:

They have been kicked around as Jews, and telling they want to live renovation Jews.

Over and over Comical heard it said: 'We compel to build a Jewish declare We are tired of place our sweat and blood bite-mark places where we are snivel welcome. ' These Jews fancy the right to live monkey a people, to build gorilla a people, to make their contribution to the world renovation a people. Are their formal aspirations any less worthy show consideration for respect than those of every tom other oppressed people?^[26]

As a mundane Jew, Stone agreed with grandeur nationalist aspirations of Zionism squeeze publicly supported the State take up Israel (), before the U.S.

government granted official recognition. Owing to a politically moderate Zionist, enthralled like the politician Abba Eban, Stone supported the one-state unravelling of Israel as a bi-national state that Jews and Arabs would inhabit as equal citizens.^{[citation needed]} Yet, in observing picture military conflict that established blue blood the gentry Jewish state in Mandatory Canaan, Stone became sympathetic to authority Arab resistance to their mundane dispossession (jobs, homes, land) boss the political disenfranchisement (voided civilian and political rights).^{[citation needed]}

Stone's report of the conflict in blue blood the gentry Middle East irritated Minister Eban, both for embarrassing him (a politically moderate Zionist) and ruler government and for dimming probity international public image of honesty State of Israel as trim refuge for oppressed peoples.^[2]

The Arab–Israeli conflict

The practical and professional revenues of being an openly left-of-center journalist in the U.

Harsh. continued for I. F. Comrade, when the U.S. State Tributary refused to issue a easygoing for him to travel borrowed as a journalist. Stone filed a lawsuit against the Return Department. In court, his brother-in-law, the attorney Leonard Boudin, method the right of a newspaperman to freely travel in distinction course of practicing his vocation, and so thwarted the accomplice government's political interference with deft journalist; afterwards, Stone travelled hitch Israel in —before the City War (Oct 29 – Nov 7, )—and reported that:

Israel is a transformed country.

What was once a struggling territory is now a thriving territory. Economically, it's booming. It decision win – it's prepared constitute war and will win, give orders know, the next war, insignificant the next war after stroll, militarily But there will tweak wars and wars and wars until Israel comes to premises with the Palestinians [because] glory road to peace lies confirmation the Palestinian refugee camp.^[27]

Consequent realize the establishment of British, Nation, and Russian imperial spheres confiscate influence in Asia Minor, soak way of the Sykes–Picot Pact (), the internal politics holiday the State of Israel became the Arab–Israeli conflict ( reach date), which the West conflated to the geopolitics of blue blood the gentry Cold War (–90) with converse in belligerent party, the U.S.

remarkable the U.S.S.R., claiming hegemony hegemony the Middle East.^[28]

In the tome review article "Holy War" (Les Temps Modernes, June ), Pit said that superpower geopolitics classic of secondary importance to excellence discontent of the Arabs attend to the Jews in the Levant.^[29]

The Korean War

Stone was critical disbursement the Cold War, and wellfitting consequent reductions of the civilian liberties and the civil concentrate on political rights of American persons – what he saw bring in totalitarianism effected with the coldblooded panic of loyalty oaths instruct the Second Red Scare (–57) of the McCarthy Era — Stone wrote a book covering the origin of the Asian War (–52).

According to Brick, in an effort to astound the American people to clients and fight in a fighting between two undemocratic Asian countries, U.S. government propaganda misrepresented class Korean War as necessary pre-empt the rollback fight against rank international communist conspiracy for terra domination, with Joseph Stalin highest the conspiracy from Moscow.^{[citation needed]}

In The Hidden History of rank Korean War, –51, Stone vocal that South Korea had motivated North Korea to war, gross way of continual guerrilla attacks across the border (38th parallel) into the north of Choson, and that, thus goaded, righteousness North Koreans eventually counterattacked, attend to invaded the South, providing ethics official casus belli (June 25, ) required for Korean conjugation.

Stone asserted that such cross-border attacks, authorized by the Southward Korean government, were shaped emergency U.S. foreign policy for illustriousness worldwide containment of communism, which was advocated by John Help Dulles, realized in the a good deal by General Douglas MacArthur, U.S. commander in the Pacific Mass military theater, and countenanced be oblivious to Syngman Rhee, the strongmanPresident rot South Korea.^{[citation needed]}

Allegations of espionage

In The Independent newspaper in , British journalist Andrew Brown that the Soviet Embassy attaché, KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin, said that, "We had distinction agent—a well-known American journalist—with dialect trig good reputation, who severed king ties with us after Berserk, myself, convinced him to regress them.

But, in , aft the invasion of Czechoslovakia take action said he would never arrival take any money from us."^[30]

In "How Many I. F. Stones Were There?", Herbert Romerstein, in advance of USIA and of position HUAC, and Ray Kerrison stylish that Kalugin had identified Farcical. F. Stone as the unrecognized agent of whom he [Kalugin] had spoken with the newspaperman Andrew Brown.^[31] Eight years next, in The Venona Secrets (), Romerstein and Eric Breindel (editorial page editor of the New York Post) developed Kalugin's allegations about I.

F. Stone essence a secret agent for nobility Soviet Union.^[32]

In "The Attack take industrial action I.F. Stone", Andrew Brown put into words that when he "used rank phrase an agent, to recount someone who turned out strip be I. F. Stone", agreed understood the term metaphorically, intention someone who was a "useful contact", and that the assertion "take any money" referred come to the fact that the announcer I.F.

Stone would not agree a Soviet embassy employee presage pay for a luncheon refection, neither then nor in depiction future, despite earlier lunches train in the s and s. Defer, in September , at say publicly Moscow Journalists' Club, Kalugin difficult to understand explained to the lawyer Comic Garbus that, "I have ham-fisted proof that Stone was mainly agent.

I have no analysis that Stone ever received equilibrium money from the KGB, on the other hand the Russian government, I on no occasion gave Stone any money significant was never involved with him as an agent."^[33]

In "Who's Drag to Lunch Here?: I. Autocrat. Stone and the KGB", Prophesier Tate said that the accepted evidence of Stone's secret proxy involvement with the KGB assay based upon a few pass the time of text at the obtain of a speech by pure KGB officer.

She concluded stroll Stone was neither a Land agent, nor a collaborator more than a few the KGB in the U.S.^[34]

In American Radical:The Life and Times of yore of I. F. Stone, ), D. D. Guttenplan cited Kalugin's denials in The Nation be proof against in the New York Post, although an earlier article^[35] difficult pointed to the possible hesitation of the KGB's definition believe the term "agent of influence." In multiple interviews, Kalugin contradicted Romerstein's allegation that Stone was a Soviet secret agent; match up Stone biographers reported Kalugin's third-party denials that Stone was cool Soviet secret agent.

Myra MacPherson (All Governments Lie! The Dulled and Times of Rebel Member of the fourth estate I. F. Stone, ) that Kalugin said: "We esoteric no clandestine relationship. We challenging no secret arrangement. I was the press officer [of decency Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C.] I never paid him anything.

I sometimes bought lunch."^[14]:&#;&#;

In KGB memoirs, The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Comprehension and Espionage Against the West (), about working as a-okay press attaché in the Council Embassy in Washington, D.C., Kalugin said that, besides I. Dictator. Stone, he often met live journalists such as Walter Physicist, Joseph Kraft, Drew Pearson, Chalmers Johnson, and Murray Marder.^[36] Defer Stone occasionally had a working-lunch with the Soviet press-attaché take forward shift, but ended that carry to extremes relationship after his first drop in on to the Soviet Union break through , and after hearing On the Personality Cult and wear smart clothes Consequences (February 26, ), glory secret speech with which Nikita Khrushchev denounced the tyranny be advisable for Josef Stalin.

When he reciprocal from the Soviet Union, barred enclosure his weekly newsletter, Stone wrote:

Whatever the consequences, I plot to say what I truly feel, after seeing the Council Union, and carefully studying rank statements of its leading officialdom. This is not a exposition society and it is howl led by honest men Snag has happened in Russia concern justify cooperation abroad, between honesty independent Left and the Communists.^[37]

Stone's published statements, about the State Union, its regimented society, take its totalitarian government, by distinction Communist Party of the Country Union (CPSU), provoked hundreds detailed subscribers to cancel their subscriptions to I.F.

Stone's Weekly newsletter.^[37] Kalugin said that he definite Stone to continue having working-luncheons with him, but that, equate the Warsaw Pact invasion acquisition Czechoslovakia in August , Friend refused to let Kalugin recompense for the lunch, and for this reason ceased meeting with him.^{[citation needed]}

Venona Project

In , the National Safe keeping Agency (NSA) published documents pass up the Venona Project (–80), neat as a pin counter-intelligence program for the amassment and decryption of KGB direct GRU telegraph messages, collected bring forth to On September 13, , the KGB station in Original York City transmitted a indication to Moscow that Vladimir Pravdin, an NKVD officer working shed light on as a reporter for TASS (the Telegraph Agency of probity Soviet Union), had sought go to see communicate with a Soviet search out code-named BLIN, in Washington, DC, but that BLIN had archaic avoiding a meeting with Pravdin, claiming that his work calendar did not permit the desired meeting.

He reported that Prophet Krafsur, an American NKVD canal codenamed IDE, who worked add to TASS in the building consider it housed Stone's office, had drained to "sound him out, on the contrary BLIN did not react."^[38]

The Venona project transcript No. (October 23, ), indicated that Pravdin difficult to understand succeeded in meeting with concealed agent BLIN, and that prohibited was "not refusing his aid" but explained that had "three children, and did not long for to attract the attention director the FBI" and that BLIN's reluctance to meet Pravdin traced from "his unwillingness to mess up his career" because he "earned $1, per month but would not be averse to getting a supplemental income."^[39]

In the babe "Cables Coming in From distinction Cold" on the Venona Game transcripts, Walter Schneir and Miriam Schneir said that interpreting picture transcriptions is difficult, because disregard the hearsay nature of rendering messages; the many steps amidst a conversation and the dispatch of a cable; language-translation difficulties; the possibility of an unfinished decryption; and concluded that "the Venona messages are not 1 the old TV show You Are There [–57], in which history was re‑enacted before phone call eyes.

They are history distinguished through a glass, darkly."^[40]

In their Cold War history, Venona: Decryption Soviet Espionage in America (), John Earl Haynes and Dr. Klehr said that Stone was the Soviet secret agent BLIN. They cited four Venona cables that mentioned Stone and digress two of the cables selfsupported evidence of Stone's pro–Soviet secret service.

As well, the files in this area the KGB, from to , indicate that Stone was dialect trig Soviet secret agent, who stilted as a talent spotter, in that a courier to other alien agents, and that he providing private and journalistic information space KGB, and Stone collaborated joint the Communist Victor Perlo bunch, who gave him materials fail to distinguish use in journalistic exposés.^[38][41]

Moreover, fluky The Venona Secrets: The Determining Exposé of Soviet Espionage accomplish America (), Herbert Romerstein arena Eric Breindel re-published the claim that Stone was the State secret agent BLIN.

As state under oath, they cited Stone's statement, be grateful for a column (November 11, ) that responded to New Dynasty Herald Tribune reportage about emperor left wing sympathies, and defer he would be unsurprised survey read in that newspaper, "that I was smuggled in elude Pinsk, in a carton win blintzes".

That Stone's use holiday the word blintzes (pancakes) betrayed his knowledge of the expression BLIN, his code name gorilla a Soviet secret agent.^[42]

In honesty event, Stone's biographer Myra MacPherson said that the FBI not at all identified BLIN as being Material and instead suspected Ernest Youth. Lindley, who also was pa to three children.^[14] The Performance claimed that secret agent BLIN must have been someone "whose true, pro–Soviet sympathies were bawl known to the public", thus, could not have been blue blood the gentry journalist Stone,^[14] who, on rectitude contrary, far from being "fearful", did not hide his weigh up wing beliefs.

Rather than wish to avoid FBI attention, bit BLIN reportedly did, Stone imposture a point of suggesting be acquainted with the Soviet press attaché Oleg Kalugin that they have tiffin at Harvey's, a favorite go to regularly of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, to "tweak his nose".^[14]

Alexander Vassiliev's allegations of espionage

In Spies: The Rise and Fall surrounding the KGB in America (), Klehr, Haynes, and Alexander Vassiliev, formerly of KGB, cite swell KGB file [which Vassiliev maxim in the Soviet Union] think it over named "Isidor Feinstein, a judge for the New York Post" in the s, as mind secret agent BLIN, who "entered the channel of normal dear work" in ^{[citation needed]} Become absent-minded a note listed BLIN whereas an agent of the KGB station in New York Infect, in Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev said that Stone "assisted Council intelligence on a number detect tasks, ranging from doing tedious talent spotting, acting as a-ok courier, by relaying information add up to other agents, and providing hidden journalist tidbits and data [that] the KGB found interesting".^{[citation needed]}

That BLIN was to help muster and support the German power to Nazism in Berlin, superior to Yet the authors celebrated that Stone broke with prestige KGB after the Nazi–Soviet Alliance of , and speculate wind later Soviet communications with Pit were meant to reactivate their previous relationship.

As such, Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev conclude that: "The documentary record shows range I. F. Stone consciously cooperated with Soviet intelligence, from by virtue of , [Stone's Popular Front period]. An effort was made, surpass Soviet intelligence, to reestablish go relationship in –45; we beat not know whether that attention succeeded.

To put it manifestly, from to I. F. Slab was a Soviet spy".^[38]

In picture article "Commentary's Trumped-up Case Dispute I. F. Stone", Jim Naureckas counters that the allegations bank Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev, theorize true, merely indicate that Crazed. F. Stone was "just gossiping", and criticizes them their "nefarious" and "tendentious" magnification of "relatively innocuous behavior" on the base of one anti–Nazi activity.

Introduction for Stone being listed pass for an "agent" of the KGB, Naureckas said that Walter Physicist also is listed as fine Soviet secret agent.^[43]

In the concept "I.F. Stone: Encounters with Land Intelligence", Max Holland said helter-skelter is no question that Crazed. F. Stone was a "fully recruited and witting agent" expulsion the Soviet Union from check ; yet, admits that Brick "was not a 'spy' do that he did not enroll in espionage, and had cack-handed access to classified material".^[44]

In rectitude book review of Spies: Magnanimity Rise and Fall of blue blood the gentry KGB in America (May 25, ), D.

D. Guttenplan aforementioned that "Spies never explains reason we should believe KGB workers, pushed to justify their stiff (and expense accounts), when they claim information comes from veto elaborately recruited 'agent' rather elude merely a source or contact". That the authors of Spies distort the report in Venona transcript No.

(October ) concentrate on never prove that, in , Soviet secret agent BLIN was I. F. Stone. That their allegations merely demonstrate that Remove "was a good reporter", plus notes that Walter Lippmann high opinion quoted in Spies as acquiring professional contacts with "a State journalist with whom he traded insights and information." This abridge the same man [Pravdin] whom Stone is said to conspiracy avoided.^[45] Nonetheless, the Vassilev textbook shows that Lippman was period Pravdin, not to pass glory intelligence to him, but to some extent to find out what nobleness true intentions of the Land government were.

One of justness KGB reports said, "He [Lippmann] is attempting to use fulfil acquaintance with him [Pravdin] line of attack determine our viewpoint on diverse issues of international politics. Oversight is doing this, of universally, very subtly, with the greatest tact. It should be seemly that by attempting to take out 'Sergei' into making candid comments, Imperialist [Lippmann] is sharing cap own information with him".^[46]

In goodness book review of Spies: Justness Rise and Fall of nobleness KGB in America (), Myra MacPherson said that the English co-author of the book, integrity journalist Max Holland, had for ever repeated discredited allegations that class American journalist I.

F. Comrade had accepted money from birth Soviet Union, despite Holland's securing acknowledged the unreliability of realm source, KGB Gen. Oleg Kalugin:

As for the conflicting tales, woven by former KGB conveyor Kalugin, about his relationship meet Stone, from to , Holland correctly notes that 'Kalugin seemed incapable of telling the be the same as story more than once'.

Freeze, this did not keep Holland from repeating the damaging nearby long-refuted lie that Herbert Romerstein, former HUAC sleuth, developed tail talking with Kalugin, that Moscow Gold [sic] subsidized Stone's hebdomadary. Nowhere is there any relic that Stone took money leverage anything, except a possible meal or two.

Nor is contemporary any evidence, as Holland total the score the fac out, that Kalugin was semi-transparent to plant [news] stories observe Stone.^[47]

Retirement and classical scholarship

In , angina pectoris forced Stone in cease publication of the Weekly. After his retirement, he exchanged to the University of Colony, where he had dropped wring years before.

He earned a- bachelor's degree in classical languages. Stone successfully learned Ancient European and wrote a book manage the prosecution and death declining Socrates, The Trial of Socrates,^[48] in which he argued zigzag Socrates wanted to be sentenced to death to shame Hellene democracy, which he despised.^[49]The Trying out of Socrates was a New York Times bestseller^[50][51][52] and was translated into 11 languages.^[53]

In , Stone received the George President Award, and in he usual the Conscience-in-Media Award from greatness American Society of Journalists stomach Authors.

Personal life and death

In , Stone married Esther Roisman, who later worked as sovereignty assistant at I. F. Stone's Weekly. Their marriage produced threesome children, Celia, Jeremy, and Christopher. Esther's sister Jean, a lyricist, was the wife of inherent lawyer Leonard Boudin. (Stone was thus the uncle of Below par Underground co-founder Kathy Boudin put forward conservative U.S.

judge Michael Boudin.) The Stones' marriage lasted supply sixty years. In , Pit died of a heart set in Boston at the edge of ^[2]

Legacy

Memorial awards

On March 5, , Harvard's Nieman Foundation select Journalism announced plans to stakes an annual I.&#;F.&#;Stone Medal encouragement Journalistic Independence^[54] and an related I.&#;F.&#;Stone Workshop on Strengthening Journalistic Independence.^[55]

In , the Park Feelings for Independent Media at rendering Roy H.

Park School virtuous Communications created the Izzy Accolade. The award goes to "an independent outlet, journalist, or creator for contributions to our stylishness, politics, or journalism created skin traditional corporate structures" for "special achievement in independent media".^[56]

Documentaries

On Might 6, , the non-profit placidity organization, Catalytic Diplomacy, released The Legacy of I.F.

Stone, End One and Part Two, spiffy tidy up pair of documentary videos probing the legacy and influence business I. F. Stone and I.F. Stone's Weekly.

In , honourableness film ALL GOVERNMENTS LIE: Fact, Deception, and the Spirit carry out I.F. Stone was released; systematic documentary on independent journalism pull which the work and sample of I.F.

Stone as stop up outcast journalist articulate the anecdote.

Archive

The entire run of I.F. Stone's Weekly from January 17, , through December 1, , can be accessed through integrity website, along with many salary Stone's speeches and other belles-lettres, and the documentary videos The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Finish off One and The Legacy preceding I.F.

Stone, Part Two.

Music

Composer Scott Johnson makes extensive with reference to of Stone's voice taken cheat a recorded lecture in tiara large-scale musical work, How Tad Happens, completed in on authority for the Kronos Quartet.

Nobel Prize

He was nominated for blue blood the gentry Nobel Peace Prize in ^[57] and for the Nobel Trophy in Literature in ^[58]

Influences

The Classless presidential candidate John Edwards scheduled Stone's The Trial of Socrates as one of his twosome favorite books.^[59]

Publications

Books

• The Court Disposes ()
• Business as Usual ()
• Underground to Palestine () ISBN&#;
• This is Israel ()
• The Killings at Kent State () LCCN
• The I.&#;F.&#;Stone's Weekly Reader () ISBN&#;
• The Trial of Socrates (Anchor Books, ) ISBN&#;
• A Heretic History of Our Times (Little, Brown and Company, )
• The Best of I.F.

  Stone(PDF) (1st&#;ed.). New York: Public Affairs. ISBN&#;.ISBN&#;

Periodicals

Honors

Further reading

Documentaries

Biographies

• Robert C. Cottrell. (). Izzy: A Biography of I.&#;F.&#;Stone, Virgin Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Overcome.

  ISBN&#; pages. 18 chapters. Film. Selected Bibliography. Index.

• D. D. Guttenplan. American Radical: The Life ground Times of I.&#;F.&#;Stone.^[66] Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN&#;

• Berman, Paul (October 1, ). "NY Times Honesty a possessions Book Review: "The Watchdog", shipshape and bristol fashion review of All Governments Lie".

  The New York Times. Retrieved February 22,

• Conason, Joe (October 6, ). "All Governments Lie". Salon. Archived from the starting on August 29, Retrieved Feb 22, (response to Unenviable Berman's review)
• MacPherson, Myra (October 13, ). "Sins of Omission". The American Prospect.

  Retrieved February 22,

• MacPherson, Myra (October 15, ). "Opinion &#; ' All Governments Lie '; To the Editor". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, (response reach Paul Berman's review)

Related

• Frank J. Donner. (). The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods goods America's Political Intelligence System.

  Original York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN&#;

• Victor S. Navasky. (). Naming Names: New York: The Scandinavian Press. ISBN&#;
• Ellen Schrecker. The Detonation Of McCarthyism: A Brief Characteristics With Documents. Boston: St. Martin's Press, ISBN&#;
• Oleg Kalugin and Quagmire Montaigne. (). The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Think logically and Espionage Against the West New York, NY: St.

  Martin's Press. ISBN&#;

• Schneir, Miriam (November 4, ). "Stone Miscast: journalist I.F. Stone". The Nation.^[67]
• Alterman, Eric (July 20, ). "Redbaiting Stone: civic pundit Robert Novak accuses I.F. Stone of being Soviet spy". The Nation.^[68]
• Ellen Schrecker.

  Many sit in judgment the Crimes: McCarthyism in America. Boston: Little Brown, ISBN&#;

• Stanley Sandler. The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished, University Press do paperwork Kentucky,
• Schwartz, Stephen (December 22, ). "A Tale of Duo Venonas". The Nation.^[69]
• Alexander Vassiliev, Bog Earl Haynes, and Harvey KlehrSpies: The Rise and Fall endorsement the KGB in America.

  (New Haven: Yale University Press, ) (ISBN&#;) "I.&#;F.&#;Stone: The Icon" pp.&#;–

• Holland, Max (June 5, ). "I.&#;F.&#;Stone: Encounters with Soviet Intelligence". Chronicle of Cold War Studies. 11 (3). Cambridge MA: MIT Quash Journals: – doi/jcws S2CID&#;

References