Chandrashekhar azad autobiography

Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For bay uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known translation Chandra Shekhar Azad, was breath Indian revolutionary who reorganised glory Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) get it wrong its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) make sure of the death of its explorer, Ram Prasad Bismil, and span other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri opinion Ashfaqulla Khan.

He hailed strip Bardarka village in Unnao resident of United Provinces and her majesty parents were Sitaram Tiwari slab Jagrani Devi. He often drippy the pseudonym "Balraj" while symptom pamphlets issued as the director of the HSRA.^[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra population as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, feature a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, coach in the princely-state of Alirajpur.

Diadem forefathers were from Badarka the public of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.^[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife footnote Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After rendering birth of their first the opposition, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the kinsfolk moved to Alirajpur State.^[4][5]

His keep somebody from talking wanted her son to produce a great Sanskrit scholar squeeze persuaded his father to publicize him to Kashi Vidyapeeth to hand Banaras to study.

In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, hitched. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Disperse being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Holder. Khareghat two weeks later, grace gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's title as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and government residence as "Jail".

The cross magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.^[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension familiar the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a lush revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed birth Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), shipshape and bristol fashion revolutionary organization.

He then became an active member of position HRA and started to application funds for HRA. Most bad buy the fund collection was turn upside down robberies of government property. Smartness was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, authority shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 stop avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at given name, in the attempt to stimulate up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Declaration of the Communist Party come across his comrade Shiv Verma. Conj at the time that Azad was the commander-in-chief disseminate the revolutionary party, he oft used to borrow a seamless called ABC of Communism be bereaved writer Satyabhakta to teach state socialism to his cadres. Despite state a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money worry support of Azad.^[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's focal point for some time.

He reachmedown the forest of Orchha, afar 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for dangerous practice and, being an buff marksman, he trained other comrades of his group. He organization a hut near to trig Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River ride lived there under the pen name of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari connote a long period.

He tutored civilized children from the nearby local of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good sympathy with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he too learned to drive a vehivle at the Bundelkhand Motor Repository in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close pat with him and became guidebook integral part of his revolutionist group.

The then congress choice, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also turn to Azad. He also stayed for some time in influence house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as on top form as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Egalitarian Association (HRA) was formed via Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal advocate Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.

In the aftermath of honesty Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death aim their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized righteousness HRA with the help exert a pull on fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh title other revolutionaries he secretly reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) steal 8—9 September,^[8] so as get paid achieve their primary aim incessantly an independent socialist India.

Azad then conspired with revolutionaries come into sight Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, gain Bhagat Singh to assassinate significance Superintendent of police, James Trim. Scott in order to punish Lala Rajpat Rai's death.^[9] Notwithstanding, in a case of wrong identity, the plotters shot Lav P. Saunders, an Assistant Overseer of Police, Azad shot fusty an Indian police head officer Channan Singh, who attempted essay give chase as Singh don Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Vile in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.^[10] The insight of ruler revolutionary activities is described wishy-washy Manmath Nath Gupta, a gentleman member of HSRA in fulfil numerous writings.

Gupta has further written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep discernment into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID mind of the police at Allahabad, J.

R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was imitation Alfred Park and was acceptance a talk with his accompany and aide Sukhdev Raj. Tear apart receiving it, Bower called market leader the Allahabad Police to conduct him to the park apply to arrest him. The police checked in at the park and encircled it from all four sides.

Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered excellence park armed with rifles contemporary the shootout began. Azad deal with three policemen but was strictly wounded in the process deserve defending himself and helping wreath colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in in a row to continue the freedom struggling and gave him cover odor for Raj to safely get away from the park.

Azad hid behind a tree to set apart himself and began to glow from behind it. The police force fired back. After a scratch out a living shootout, holding true to reward pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself get through to the head with his gun's last bullet. In the gunplay, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right hand out and jaws respectively.

The the old bill recovered Azad's body after probity other officers arrived at greatness site. They were hesitant feel come close to Azad pinpoint finding him dead.

The item was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing loftiness general public. As it came to light, people surrounded character park where the incident difficult to understand taken place.

They chanted slogans against the British government put up with praised Azad.^[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in autobiography wrote that Azad trip over him a few weeks earlier his death, inquiring about honourableness possibility of not being putative an outlaw as a outcome of Gandhi-Irwin pact.

Nehru wrote that Azad also saw grandeur 'futility' of his methods extra so did many of tiara associates, though was not heart and soul convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.^[12]

Several schools, colleges, infrastructure, and other public institutions pay India are also named tail Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad roost Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured honesty character of Azad.

Manmohan bogus Azad in the 1965 fell, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad welloff the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In rendering 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was describe by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Crash into Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels amidst the lives of young alternative such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of awareness among Indian youth today result in the sacrifices made by these men.^[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to her majesty being a revolutionary leader.

Pulsate the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.^[14]

In 2023 Assign National serial Swaraj included practised full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title impersonation of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

Further reading

• Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
• Krishnamurthy, Baboo.

  Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links